direction. I then stop him and pat him on the neck. If, on the contrary, he strikes out in front or kicks, on account of being touched by the whip, I rate him loudly and hold his head very high, which will oblige him to lower his croup.

It is of the greatest possible consequence that the patting on the neck should immediately follow the act of obedience on the part of the horse, in the same way as punishment should follow disobedience. This is the fundamental principle of breaking.

If the horse throws himself on the whip, that is to say, to the left, which ticklish horses are inclined to do, we must carry his head forcibly to the left, so as to bring his hind quarters to the right ; but should not punish the animal, because, as I have already pointed out, his action is instinctive. When we have put him several times through this work, which does not fatigue or trouble him, he readily yields, and does it on both sides. I recommend the breaker to be content with two or three steps. He should stop and pat the horse on the neck each time the animal obeys. I recommence this work very often.

When the horse readily yields to the whip on both sides, we should not turn his head to the side opposite to that towards which he turns his hind quarters. He should be kept straight, so that he may obey only the indication of the whip.

This work with the whip prepares the horse to bear and understand the action of the leg and spur. At the same time, it places the head in a good position, and it is an excellent and indispensable suppling exercise before coming to the lateral flexions which we will presently consider.

Baucher practised the lateral flexions before teaching the horse to yield his hind quarters to the whip. This method is wrong, because, when we begin the lateral flexions, the instinct of the horse makes him carry his hind quarters to the side opposite to that towards which we bend the neck. If we