balance. Usually the following happens : The horse by suddenly getting up, causes the body of the rider to go backwards, which is sufficient to upset the animal. When a horse is standing up on his hind legs, he may be compared to the centre rod of a pair of scales which is in equilibrium ; and then the slightest movement of the body of the rider, whether forward or backward, forcibly draws the horse in the former direction or in the latter.

I have said that I do not believe that horses voluntarily throw themselves backwards. I mean that a horse will not deliberately throw himself backwards as a means of resistance. His instinct of self-preservation will be sufficient to prevent him doing this. But I know that horses which are suffering from disease of certain nervous centres fall backwards, and sometimes dash their head against a wall. Here we have no concern with animals which are affected by a disease similar to madness in man, and which are unsuitable for any kind of work.

I have, however, broken, and seen broken by other breakers, horses which had immobilité or megrims. But they were only violent and irritable, and their eyes became injected with blood if upset in the slightest. In fact, they had only the appearance of megrims. To succeed with such animals, we require to have all the good qualities of a breaker and rider, especially pluck.

Some horses which are affected with only a certain degree of immobilité can be broken. Gaulois, which was a superb Hanoverian horse, was supposed to suffer from this disease. I made him into an excellent school horse, and rode him for several years. It is true that Gaulois, like many other horses which are reputed to have immobilité, showed symptoms of it only when he " played up."

I am greatly surprised that very few of all the authors who have written on equitation say nothing of the struggles which