that this piaffer is done, like the ordinary piaffer, by the diagonal, notwithstanding the see-saw lateral. It is very difficult to indicate, with mathematical precision the exact moment when the rider ought to use any particular rein or leg ; the action of the two reins and of two legs being made by a succession of movements which follow each other so closely that it is almost continuous. Here equestrian tact, which is the supreme quality of a rider, displays itself in all its beauty. I can only say that I increase the action of the right spur to obtain the forward movement of the near hind, and to help to keep the near fore in the air. But at the same time I strongly use my left leg to prevent the near hind from going to the left, because it gets its stimulus from my right leg.

For the backward movement I feel both reins, the near rein a little more than the off, at the moment when the near fore has to be brought back.

During the whole time the rider ought to freely use his legs and even the spurs, but the off rein hardly at all, and the near rein very little.

CANTER WITHOUT GAINING GROUND AND CANTER TO THE REAR.

The canter without gaining ground is a canter which is shortened as much as possible. It is similar in every way to the forward canter, except that the legs do not gain ground. It is very near to the backward canter, which is a regular pace of four time, exactly like the forward canter in the rassembler. It is the most difficult and most complicated school exercise. My advice is that it should be tried only at the extreme end of training, and with selected horses, whose loins and hocks should be exceptionally good to bear the rassembler at its maximum, without which it is impossible to obtain this movement.