the preceding exercises, he will never refuse to obey the orders of his rider, provided that the man is patient and tries his best to make the animal understand.

CHANGES OF LEG AT EACH STRIDE.

I have discussed, in the hacking canter, the changes from the outward to the inward leg upon a straight line. I shall now speak of the changes of leg in the school canter. I teach the horse the changes of leg from within to outside, only when he does them from outside to within very easily, and of course I use similar means. In the beginning, we should carefully avoid getting the horse to do them in the corners of the school, the outward side of the horse having, by reason of the turning movement, more ground to cover, which fact requires a stronger support of the rider's opposite leg^[1] to prevent the horse going sideways, and to press him forward on to the hand. We should not require changes of the leg from within outwards in the corners of the school until he does them easily in a straight line.^[2]

I never require the shoulder-to-the-wall^[3] at the canter before obtaining the changes of leg in the air—that is to say, at the canter without stopping, because when we require the horse to change from the outward leg to the inward one, he almost always tries to bring his haunches to the inside, as he does in the shoulder-to-the-wall, since the same " aids " are