the shoulders, especially in demi-voltes, which is a fault we should carefully check ; because the moment the haunches go before the shoulders in an oblique line, the horse is behind the bit.

Immediately after I do similar work for the shoulder-in at the canter, from left to right.^[1]

PIROUETTES AT THE CANTER.

In the pirouette at the canter, the horse's hind legs ought, so to speak, to " mark time " at that pace, while pivoting round, in order that the haunches may remain on the same line as the shoulders, which describe a circle round them. A horse should on no account rest continuously on one of his hind legs, as some authors maintain, for if he does so, he will stop cantering.

Before pirouettes are required at the canter, they should be taught at the walk, with the horse very well rassemblé'd. With this object, I place my horse in the centre of the school. If I wish to make a pirouette, with the shoulders turning round the croup from left to right, I carry my hands to the right, the right rein drawing the head to the right, and the left rein pressing both the neck and the shoulders to the right. Both legs are firmly closed, the left leg being carried a little back, to fix the croup and to prevent it turning, whilst the right leg presses the horse up to his bridle, so as to prevent him getting behind his bit. This work requires great delicacy and lightness of hand. If the hands are too strongly used from left to right, their action will cause derangement of the shoulders, but not a pirouette. If the hands feel the reins too strongly from front to rear, the horse will get behind his bit.

When the horse fully understands this work and does it