By increasing the pressure of the legs, and accentuating it a little by a touch of the spurs, we can easily obtain a small piaffer (p. 275) of the forehand, which accompanies the rocking of the haunches.

If we press the horse forward, while making him take very short steps, we will obtain rocking of the haunches with passage (p. 275) of the forehand.

The movement is less graceful when done without gaining ground, than when going forward, because there is a want of propulsion, and it is less easy to keep the neck high. Finally, as it is necessary to obtain a certain elevation of all the legs, we should avoid putting more weight in front than behind. On the contrary, we should carefully try to keep him in equilibrium.^[1]

SPANISH TROT.

Of all artificial movements, the Spanish trot is the easiest and most brilliant. With a horse which knows the Spanish walk perfectly, nothing is easier than to make him do it at the trot.

It is enough to increase the action of the " aids " to give a horse more energy. At first we ride the horse at the Spanish walk, and when we have gone a few steps, we should seize the moment when the animal's leg is raised, to touch him more sharply with the spur.

I have never had horses which took a long time to do this

cause this portion of the body to become raised, as a result of stimulating the part. On this account I condemn the use of the cutting whip in high-school work.

Horses which have been "routined," I cannot say "broken,"' by the cutting whip, are always ugly and badly balanced. Having the neck on a level with the withers and the croup high, the forehand is depressed, and is consequently in a position the direct opposite of that of a true school horse (Fig. 62), which has always his neck high and his hocks well bent under the body.