ratory work and three months' breaking. At four years he will be broken and perfectly ready for work.

Although it may be said that this four-year-old work would prematurely wear him out, I assert, and experience proves that, under the conditions I have laid down, it will develop and strengthen him.

Fig. 50.—Rider making his horse swim according to Mr. James Fillis's method.

position just described, the horse's croup will become depressed more and more, the animal will become upright, will turn over backwards, while beating the water with his fore feet, and will end by sinking.

The moment the horse is carried off his feet, the rider should take hold of a good handful of the mane, and bend forward on the neck; but he should on no account touch the head of the horse. He should firmly close his knees, for if he does not do so, the water will instantly separate him from the horse. This is the only position which enables the man to remain in the saddle and the horse to swim. The rider ought to hold one of the snaffle reins in each hand, and when he wishes to change the direction to the right or left, he should, for the moment, bring his hand away from the shoulder, so as to act on the animal's mouth. But, as I have just explained, he should, above all things, avoid pulling the reins in a backward direction (Fig. 50).

I presume that similar instructions are given to the cavalry of all nations.