outside, we should let out the lunging rein, and at the moment the animal is taking off, we should make him carry his shoulders to the right, by threatening him with the whip under the muzzle.

The bar should be kept very low for this work, and should be raised only little by little, according to the strength and cleverness of the horse.

We should take great care never to raise the bar so high as to require the animal to make a great effort to clear it, especially if he is young. Although this would not be so bad with old horses, we should do all we can not to discourage them.

As soon as the horse jumps freely with the lunge, he can be mounted, and made to follow the same programme, while beginning with the bar on the ground.

At first, we should not trouble about the animal's style of jumping, but should let him fence in his own way, and should study it.

In leaping, as in every other exercise which demands great energy on the part of the horse, the rider should take account of the natural capabilities of his mount, and should adapt himself to them. If they require to be set right, he should gradually do it later on.

I have said that the hands should make no effort to raise the horse when taking off. I repeat that the head and neck should be perfectly free, but I do not say that the reins should be let go ; because the horse, when he is jumping, ought to maintain on the hands a light bearing,^[1] which he does not take at the moment of raising himself, because he has had it when coming up to the fence ; in fact, he merely preserves it. The elasticity of the hands and even of the arms of the rider allows him to keep up this bearing on the bit, without