take a spring to raise it with greater violence. Others content themselves with throwing the head sharply back, without lowering it in the first instance. In the former case we should catch the horse with the snaffle reins (which are held in the right hand) at the exact moment when he begins to lower it. On account of the shock he will quickly raise his head, at which instant we should drive him forward by a strong pressure of the legs. The curb reins are loose, but are firmly held in the left hand in such a way that the moment when the horse, by raising his head, tightens the curb reins, he will receive a severe blow on the bars of the mouth. Therefore he has been stopped by the snaffle when he wished to lower his head in order to get his impulse, and has been punished by the curb when, in throwing up his head, he brought it too far back. When he thus throws back his head without obtaining an impulse, we should drive him forward with a pressure of the legs the moment he raises his head, and should receive him on the curb, under the same conditions as those first mentioned.

To sum up, we make in the first case three movements of the snaffle, legs and curb. In the second, we use only the legs and the curb. Although these movements are successive, they follow each other so closely that they almost unite into a single one. In both cases, if the action of the legs does not precede by ever so little that of the curb, we shall run the risk of making the horse rear, or at least by crushing the hind quarters we make him get behind his bit.

HORSES WHICH RUN AWAY.

I have always been fairly lucky, both as regards my pupils and myself, in avoiding accidents from run-aways. My good luck was not altogether a matter of chance.

When a horse is running away, he will not listen to reason, and I do not think any one rider would be able to stop him