away from the wall. The off snaffle^[1] rein should be pulled to the right, while the near rein presses the neck and consequently the shoulders to the right, and at the same time it helps the left leg to support the haunches, and thus assists to hold the horse straight. If the horse tries to throw his croup to the left, my two legs ought to increase their action to push him forward, the left leg acting a little more vigorously than the right, to keep his right leg leading. The right leg pushes the body forward and forces the haunches to follow the same line as the shoulders.

It is very easy to understand why I prefer a horse which carries his quarters to the outside, to one which carries them to the inside. In the former case, the animal presses on my left leg, and I then use the spur, which has two objects. First, to prevent the croup deviating to the left ; and, second, to force the animal to keep cantering with the off fore leading. But if he carries his quarters to the inside of the circle, I am obliged to use my right leg, and sometimes the spur, with more or less force, and I thus run the risk of making the animal change behind. Also, the horse which carries his haunches towards the inside of the circle, is behind his bit. These faults seldom appear, if we begin on large circles, which we should only gradually make smaller, and in proportion to the ease with which the horse does the work. I may add that even in small circles we should keep the horse very straight.

Immediately after, I begin demi-voltes, which present no difficulty if executed without precision, but which are very hard to do in an absolutely correct manner. I have rarely seen them thus done.