shoulder, which has more ground to cover than the left one. We require a certain amount of practice to attain this result ; because, as I have already said, the side movement of the horse naturally puts the rider into the opposite position. I never begin to teach the side steps when the horse is going along the wall, which would uselessly increase the difficulty, by the want of impulse resulting from the change in direction. By removing the horse from the wall, I forcibly stop his forward movement,

I make the horse do the first side steps at the end of a change of hand, from right to left for instance. I am on the track, going to the left, with the wall to the right. On arriving near to the wall which, at the end of the change of hand, will be to my left, I carry both hands to the left, while closing the legs and acting vigorously with the right leg. The near snaffle rein draws to the left, and the off rein applied against the neck, presses the shoulders equally to the left. We can see that these are absolutely the same " aids " as those for the rotation of the shoulders, although the movement is made while gaining more ground to the front. If the horse resists the right leg, I have recourse to the off rein, to make him carry his haunches to the left.^[1] Even if the animal makes only two or three side steps, I am content with his progress, I pat him on the neck, and slacken the reins.

After that, I make the horse do a change of hand from left to right when leaving the wall, which is on my left. While thus going obliquely, I hold him as straight as possible, and when I arrive near to the wall, which will be on my right, I carry my hand to the right and I apply the left leg, while pressing him up to the hand by means of both legs. I may add that the hand ought to profit by the supplemental