that no horse will resist these indications, if they are gently employed.

I use the near snaffle rein according to the amount of resistance which the horse often makes at first. I draw the head a little more to the left, while continuing to touch the animal's side with the heel and whip if the resistance is great. The horse is forced to yield to these three forces acting on the same side.

As soon as the horse takes a step to the right, I stop him and pat him on the neck. I then let him go quietly round the school, in order that he may think over what he has just done. It is most important always to let a horse be free and quiet after he has obeyed. A horse will accept this as a reward, which we should not be chary in giving him. Stoppage of work and pats on the neck are the only means to make him understand that he has done well. We are so often obliged to have recourse to punishment during breaking, that we ought to eagerly seize the opportunity of patting him on the neck, when he shows the slightest sign of obedience. The more we pat him on the neck, the less will we be forced to punish him.^[1]

As I have just said, by letting the horse walk at ease for a few moments, we give him time to understand the movement which he has just done and the indications which cause him to do it. Apparently the horse yields only physically, but in reality it is his intelligence, or, to speak more correctly, his memory to which we appeal. We must therefore work on his memory, and for that reason I allow him the necessary time to permanently remember this fact.

Having let the horse go quietly round the school, I do the