speak to him. Each time he wishes to advance or go sideways, we should put him back in his place, and should not allow him to take a step in any direction. If we allow him to go to one side or the other, no matter how little, the first movement will probably be followed by a second one ; and so on. I repeat, that the best way to calm him down and get him to stand steady, is to pat him on the neck and speak kindly to him.

If the horse is alone and in an enclosed place, he will readily give in, but to teach him to stand steady in a street, we should bring other horses into the school and make them move about. When he stands steady under these conditions, we should renew the exercise outside, in some quiet place, and should then, little by little, try him in places where there is more traffic. I have already said that habit is everything for a horse. Therefore it is only necessary to accustom him to stand in the middle of the noise and movement of the street, and to make him understand that he will get pats on the neck for so doing.

After all, great gentleness, patience and gradual training are the best means for making a horse stand still in any place as long as we like.

CHANGES OF DIRECTION.

At first, all changes of direction should be taught at the walk.

To turn to the right, we should lightly draw the off snaffle rein with the right hand to the right, and not towards our body, so as not to stop the horse.

We find that the animal slackens his pace when he turns ; because the forward reach of his shoulder which begins the movement is decreased, so that the off fore leg of the horse, if the turn is made to the right, covers only about half the distance of an ordinary step. This period of arrest causes